Key features of liberal democracy, gaps filled by country
Key features of liberal democracy with 58 missing years estimated by linear interpolation between the nearest real observations. Only gaps of 4 years or fewer are filled, and never beyond the first or last actual measurement — these are filled holes, not forecasts.
Countries reporting
176
Highest
0.884
Denmark
Lowest
0.009
Eritrea
Median
0.35
Years covered
237
1789–2025
Data points
28,729
What the numbers show
Key features of liberal democracy, gaps filled is currently reported for 176 countries. The highest value is 0.884 in Denmark; the lowest is 0.009 in Eritrea.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.35, and the mean is 0.3721.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 98.
Over the past decade 51 countries rose and 121 fell. The largest increase was in Gambia (up 392.5%), and the largest decrease in Myanmar (down 91.7%).
Key features of liberal democracy, gaps filled: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Denmark | 0.884 | 2025 | down 1.1% | volatile |
| 2 | Sweden | 0.853 | 2025 | down 3.2% | rising |
| 3 | Norway | 0.847 | 2025 | down 2.8% | volatile |
| 4 | Switzerland | 0.843 | 2025 | down 1.7% | rising |
| 5 | Estonia | 0.837 | 2025 | down 0.9% | volatile |
| 6 | Ireland | 0.822 | 2025 | down 0.4% | rising |
| 7 | Costa Rica | 0.809 | 2025 | down 5.3% | volatile |
| 8 | Finland | 0.808 | 2025 | down 2.3% | volatile |
| 9 | France | 0.8 | 2025 | down 1.5% | volatile |
| 10 | Belgium | 0.794 | 2025 | down 5.1% | volatile |
| 10 | Czechia | 0.794 | 2025 | up 3.7% | volatile |
| 12 | Australia | 0.793 | 2025 | down 3.9% | rising |
| 13 | Uruguay | 0.79 | 2025 | down 5.0% | volatile |
| 14 | New Zealand | 0.787 | 2025 | down 5.0% | rising |
| 15 | Germany | 0.782 | 2025 | down 7.5% | volatile |
| 16 | Chile | 0.781 | 2025 | down 6.9% | volatile |
| 17 | Luxembourg | 0.777 | 2025 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 18 | Netherlands | 0.774 | 2025 | down 6.9% | volatile |
| 19 | Austria | 0.757 | 2025 | down 6.0% | volatile |
| 20 | Latvia | 0.751 | 2025 | down 0.4% | volatile |
| 21 | Spain | 0.741 | 2025 | down 2.4% | volatile |
| 22 | Republic of Korea | 0.739 | 2025 | up 23.4% | volatile |
| 23 | Canada | 0.736 | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 24 | Japan | 0.734 | 2025 | down 0.8% | volatile |
| 25 | Iceland | 0.72 | 2025 | down 7.3% | rising |
| 26 | Portugal | 0.717 | 2025 | down 13.5% | volatile |
| 27 | Lithuania | 0.712 | 2025 | down 8.7% | volatile |
| 28 | Brazil | 0.704 | 2025 | down 8.5% | volatile |
| 28 | Taïwan | 0.704 | 2025 | up 2.6% | volatile |
| 30 | United Kingdom | 0.689 | 2025 | down 12.6% | rising |
| 31 | Seychelles | 0.68 | 2025 | up 59.3% | volatile |
| 32 | Barbados | 0.679 | 2025 | up 2.6% | volatile |
| 32 | Jamaica | 0.679 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 34 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.668 | 2025 | down 1.2% | volatile |
| 35 | Cyprus | 0.664 | 2025 | down 9.9% | volatile |
| 36 | Poland | 0.645 | 2025 | down 16.8% | volatile |
| 37 | Italy | 0.642 | 2025 | down 18.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Mauritius | 0.639 | 2025 | up 1.9% | volatile |
| 39 | South Africa | 0.633 | 2025 | down 2.5% | volatile |
| 40 | Cabo Verde | 0.631 | 2025 | down 10.7% | volatile |
| 41 | Suriname | 0.626 | 2025 | down 1.1% | volatile |
| 42 | Vanuatu | 0.623 | 2025 | down 2.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Malta | 0.621 | 2025 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 44 | Sri Lanka | 0.613 | 2025 | up 54.4% | rising |
| 45 | Ghana | 0.606 | 2025 | down 4.0% | volatile |
| 46 | Croatia | 0.593 | 2025 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 47 | Slovenia | 0.589 | 2025 | down 26.7% | volatile |
| 48 | Israel | 0.588 | 2025 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Panama | 0.575 | 2025 | up 4.0% | volatile |
| 50 | Slovakia | 0.573 | 2025 | down 21.0% | volatile |
| 51 | United States | 0.571 | 2025 | down 32.7% | rising |
| 52 | Greece | 0.568 | 2025 | down 27.6% | volatile |
| 53 | Colombia | 0.555 | 2025 | up 0.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Timor-Leste | 0.549 | 2025 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 55 | Solomon Islands | 0.539 | 2025 | up 18.2% | volatile |
| 56 | Argentina | 0.524 | 2025 | down 11.2% | volatile |
| 57 | Guatemala | 0.523 | 2025 | up 23.1% | volatile |
| 58 | Gambia | 0.522 | 2025 | up 392.5% | volatile |
| 59 | Botswana | 0.52 | 2025 | down 11.4% | volatile |
| 60 | Namibia | 0.519 | 2025 | down 10.4% | volatile |
| 60 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.519 | 2025 | down 6.3% | volatile |
| 62 | Lesotho | 0.512 | 2025 | up 15.1% | volatile |
| 63 | Peru | 0.506 | 2025 | down 26.5% | volatile |
| 64 | Dominican Republic | 0.505 | 2025 | up 46.8% | volatile |
| 64 | Nepal | 0.505 | 2025 | down 5.4% | volatile |
| 66 | Montenegro | 0.5 | 2025 | up 29.2% | volatile |
| 67 | Bulgaria | 0.499 | 2025 | down 11.8% | volatile |
| 68 | Senegal | 0.484 | 2025 | down 17.4% | volatile |
| 69 | Romania | 0.464 | 2025 | down 23.8% | volatile |
| 70 | Malawi | 0.462 | 2025 | up 4.1% | volatile |
| 71 | Bhutan | 0.457 | 2025 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 72 | Republic of Moldova | 0.449 | 2025 | down 5.7% | volatile |
| 73 | Kenya | 0.446 | 2025 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 74 | Mongolia | 0.424 | 2025 | down 23.7% | volatile |
| 75 | Liberia | 0.417 | 2025 | down 7.5% | volatile |
| 76 | Maldives | 0.416 | 2025 | up 122.5% | volatile |
| 77 | Fiji | 0.398 | 2025 | up 47.4% | rising |
| 78 | Ecuador | 0.386 | 2025 | up 46.8% | volatile |
| 79 | Papua New Guinea | 0.384 | 2025 | up 11.3% | volatile |
| 80 | Albania | 0.382 | 2025 | down 12.2% | volatile |
| 81 | Honduras | 0.38 | 2025 | up 55.1% | volatile |
| 82 | Paraguay | 0.376 | 2025 | down 9.6% | volatile |
| 83 | Zambia | 0.375 | 2025 | up 1.1% | volatile |
| 84 | North Macedonia | 0.374 | 2025 | up 38.5% | volatile |
| 85 | Armenia | 0.371 | 2025 | up 82.8% | volatile |
| 86 | Singapore | 0.36 | 2025 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 87 | Malaysia | 0.355 | 2025 | up 74.0% | rising |
| 88 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 0.352 | 2025 | down 4.3% | volatile |
| 89 | Sierra Leone | 0.348 | 2025 | up 9.4% | volatile |
| 90 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.339 | 2025 | down 6.6% | volatile |
| 91 | Guyana | 0.328 | 2025 | down 26.1% | rising |
| 92 | Benin | 0.323 | 2025 | down 38.2% | volatile |
| 93 | Hungary | 0.315 | 2025 | down 34.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Thailand | 0.314 | 2025 | up 199.0% | volatile |
| 95 | Nigeria | 0.311 | 2025 | down 22.4% | volatile |
| 96 | United Republic of Tanzania | 0.297 | 2025 | down 24.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Indonesia | 0.296 | 2025 | down 42.1% | volatile |
| 98 | Philippines | 0.291 | 2025 | down 28.9% | volatile |
| 99 | Georgia | 0.275 | 2025 | down 45.4% | volatile |
| 100 | Jordan | 0.274 | 2025 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 101 | Lebanon | 0.267 | 2025 | down 9.5% | rising |
| 102 | Tunisia | 0.265 | 2025 | down 57.9% | volatile |
| 103 | India | 0.26 | 2025 | down 37.6% | volatile |
| 104 | Morocco | 0.251 | 2025 | up 9.1% | volatile |
| 105 | Ukraine | 0.24 | 2025 | up 5.3% | volatile |
| 106 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.228 | 2025 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 107 | Mexico | 0.221 | 2025 | down 49.0% | volatile |
| 108 | Iraq | 0.22 | 2025 | down 6.8% | volatile |
| 109 | Serbia | 0.208 | 2025 | down 39.0% | volatile |
| 110 | Madagascar | 0.187 | 2025 | down 27.5% | volatile |
| 111 | Gabon | 0.178 | 2025 | down 20.2% | volatile |
| 111 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.178 | 2025 | down 43.8% | volatile |
| 113 | Niger | 0.177 | 2025 | down 64.1% | volatile |
| 114 | Pakistan | 0.176 | 2025 | down 33.3% | rising |
| 115 | Mozambique | 0.175 | 2025 | down 41.5% | volatile |
| 116 | Uganda | 0.165 | 2025 | down 25.7% | volatile |
| 117 | Angola | 0.163 | 2025 | up 33.6% | volatile |
| 118 | Togo | 0.157 | 2025 | down 39.1% | volatile |
| 119 | Mali | 0.15 | 2025 | down 57.0% | volatile |
| 120 | Zimbabwe | 0.147 | 2025 | down 30.7% | rising |
| 121 | Hong Kong (China) | 0.142 | 2025 | down 53.1% | rising |
| 122 | Oman | 0.14 | 2025 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 123 | Comoros | 0.132 | 2025 | down 45.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Kazakhstan | 0.131 | 2025 | up 19.1% | volatile |
| 125 | Somalia | 0.128 | 2025 | up 4.1% | volatile |
| 126 | Kuwait | 0.127 | 2025 | down 54.3% | rising |
| 126 | Mauritania | 0.127 | 2025 | down 28.7% | rising |
| 128 | Algeria | 0.126 | 2025 | down 28.0% | rising |
| 129 | Djibouti | 0.118 | 2025 | up 3.5% | volatile |
| 130 | Bangladesh | 0.116 | 2025 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 131 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.115 | 2025 | down 5.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Congo | 0.115 | 2025 | up 12.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Egypt | 0.115 | 2025 | up 23.7% | rising |
| 134 | Cameroon | 0.114 | 2025 | down 25.0% | rising |
| 135 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.11 | 2025 | up 23.6% | rising |
| 135 | Türkiye | 0.11 | 2025 | down 52.2% | volatile |
| 137 | Burkina Faso | 0.103 | 2025 | down 66.3% | volatile |
| 137 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 0.103 | 2025 | down 24.3% | volatile |
| 139 | Central African Republic | 0.102 | 2025 | down 43.0% | volatile |
| 139 | Viet Nam | 0.102 | 2025 | down 11.3% | rising |
| 141 | Ethiopia | 0.1 | 2025 | down 2.0% | volatile |
| 142 | State of Palestine | 0.099 | 1948 | down 10.0% | flat |
| 143 | Haiti | 0.098 | 2025 | down 59.7% | volatile |
| 143 | Libya | 0.098 | 2025 | down 43.0% | volatile |
| 145 | Eswatini | 0.097 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 146 | Guinea | 0.095 | 2025 | down 41.0% | volatile |
| 146 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.095 | 2025 | down 67.2% | volatile |
| 148 | Qatar | 0.091 | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 149 | Rwanda | 0.09 | 2025 | down 34.8% | volatile |
| 149 | El Salvador | 0.09 | 2025 | down 80.5% | volatile |
| 151 | Uzbekistan | 0.079 | 2025 | up 119.4% | volatile |
| 152 | United Arab Emirates | 0.077 | 2025 | down 14.4% | rising |
| 153 | South Sudan | 0.064 | 2025 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 154 | Bahrain | 0.062 | 2025 | up 21.6% | falling |
| 154 | Chad | 0.062 | 2025 | down 31.9% | rising |
| 156 | Burundi | 0.06 | 2025 | down 4.8% | volatile |
| 157 | Cuba | 0.057 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 158 | Russian Federation | 0.056 | 2025 | down 48.6% | volatile |
| 159 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.054 | 2025 | up 116.0% | volatile |
| 160 | Azerbaijan | 0.053 | 2025 | down 15.9% | volatile |
| 161 | Cambodia | 0.051 | 2025 | down 55.7% | volatile |
| 162 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.047 | 2025 | down 6.0% | volatile |
| 162 | Saudi Arabia | 0.047 | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 164 | Tajikistan | 0.043 | 2025 | up 2.4% | volatile |
| 164 | Yemen | 0.043 | 2025 | down 37.7% | volatile |
| 166 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 0.042 | 2025 | down 59.2% | volatile |
| 167 | China | 0.039 | 2025 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 168 | Belarus | 0.038 | 2025 | down 62.0% | volatile |
| 169 | Sudan | 0.034 | 2025 | down 46.9% | falling |
| 169 | Turkmenistan | 0.034 | 2025 | up 41.7% | volatile |
| 171 | Holy See | 0.027 | 1870 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 172 | Nicaragua | 0.019 | 2025 | down 84.7% | volatile |
| 173 | Afghanistan | 0.018 | 2025 | down 91.0% | volatile |
| 174 | Myanmar | 0.015 | 2025 | down 91.7% | volatile |
| 175 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 0.014 | 2025 | unchanged | falling |
| 176 | Eritrea | 0.009 | 2025 | up 50.0% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Key features of liberal democracy with 58 missing years estimated by linear interpolation between the nearest real observations. Only gaps of 4 years or fewer are filled, and never beyond the first or last actual measurement — these are filled holes, not forecasts.
Computed from
- Key features of liberal democracy Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Key features of liberal democracy with 58 missing years estimated by linear interpolation between the nearest real observations. Only gaps of 4 years or fewer are filled, and never beyond the first or last actual measurement — these are filled holes, not forecasts.