Direct Democracy Index in Spain
Spain: Direct Democracy Index was 0.028 in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Direct Democracy Index in Spain, 1900–2025
Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
Analysis
Spain recorded 0.028 for direct democracy index in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 74.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, direct democracy index in Spain peaked at 0.266 in 1986 and was at its lowest, 0, in 1900.
Spain ranks 98th of 175 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900s | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 1910s | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 1920s | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 1930s | 0.0224 | 0 | 0.028 | 10 |
| 1940s | 0.064 | 0 | 0.2 | 10 |
| 1950s | 0.1568 | 0.104 | 0.2 | 10 |
| 1960s | 0.0452 | 0.02 | 0.092 | 10 |
| 1970s | 0.0452 | 0.02 | 0.146 | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.1884 | 0.138 | 0.266 | 10 |
| 1990s | 0.158 | 0.082 | 0.234 | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.109 | 0.037 | 0.163 | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.1135 | 0.073 | 0.154 | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.043 | 0.028 | 0.064 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More social development data for Spain
- Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of asy 511,079 (2025)
- Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of ori 186 (2025)
- Electoral democracy 1 (2025)
- Political Rights Rating 1 (2025)
- Key features of liberal democracy 0.741 (2025)
- Varieties of democracy 0.822 (2025)
- Freedom of Expression Index 0.843 (2025)
- Freedom of Association Index 0.915 (2025)
- Electoral Democracy Index 0.822 (2025)
- Liberal democracy 3 (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is direct democracy index in Spain?
- Direct democracy index in Spain was 0.028 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest direct democracy index recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 0.266 in 1986.
- What is the lowest direct democracy index recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 0 in 1900.
- How does Spain rank for direct democracy index?
- Spain ranks 98th out of 175 countries with data for 2025.
- Is direct democracy index rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 74.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Direct Democracy Index. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 126 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Measures the extent of how easy it is for citizens to vote on specific issues themselves in popular initiatives, referendums, and plebiscites.