What is key features of liberal democracy in Spain?

Key features of liberal democracy in Spain was 0.741 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.

What is the highest key features of liberal democracy recorded in Spain?

The highest recorded value was 0.825 in 2010.

What is the lowest key features of liberal democracy recorded in Spain?

The lowest recorded value was 0.047 in 1940.

How does Spain rank for key features of liberal democracy?

Spain ranks 21st out of 176 countries with data for 2025.

Is key features of liberal democracy rising or falling in Spain?

Over the last ten years it is down 2.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.

Where does this Spain data come from?

The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Key features of liberal democracy. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

Key features of liberal democracy in Spain

Name: Key features of liberal democracy in Spain
Creator: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
License: CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)

Spain: Key features of liberal democracy was 0.741 in 2025. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2025)

0.741

Change on year

down 0.3%

World rank

21st

of 176 countries

All-time high

0.825

in 2010

All-time low

0.047

in 1940

Years of data

237

1789–2025

Key features of liberal democracy in Spain, 1789–2025

Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.

Analysis

In 2025, key features of liberal democracy in Spain stood at 0.741.

Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.3% on the previous year and down 2.4% over ten years.

Over the whole period, key features of liberal democracy in Spain peaked at 0.825 in 2010 and was at its lowest, 0.047, in 1940.

That places Spain 21st out of 176 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the top quarter.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Key features of liberal democracy in Spain, year by year

Annual values for Key features of liberal democracy in Spain, 1789 to 2025.
Year	Value	Change
1789	0.07	—
1790	0.07	+0.0%
1791	0.07	+0.0%
1792	0.07	+0.0%
1793	0.07	+0.0%
1794	0.07	+0.0%
1795	0.07	+0.0%
1796	0.07	+0.0%
1797	0.07	+0.0%
1798	0.07	+0.0%
1799	0.07	+0.0%
1800	0.07	+0.0%
1801	0.07	+0.0%
1802	0.07	+0.0%
1803	0.07	+0.0%
1804	0.07	+0.0%
1805	0.07	+0.0%
1806	0.07	+0.0%
1807	0.07	+0.0%
1808	0.071	+1.4%
1809	0.073	+2.8%
1810	0.076	+4.1%
1811	0.076	+0.0%
1812	0.107	+40.8%
1813	0.111	+3.7%
1814	0.103	-7.2%
1815	0.095	-7.8%
1816	0.095	+0.0%
1817	0.095	+0.0%
1818	0.095	+0.0%
1819	0.095	+0.0%
1820	0.123	+29.5%
1821	0.132	+7.3%
1822	0.132	+0.0%
1823	0.127	-3.8%
1824	0.096	-24.4%
1825	0.096	+0.0%
1826	0.096	+0.0%
1827	0.096	+0.0%
1828	0.096	+0.0%
1829	0.096	+0.0%
1830	0.096	+0.0%
1831	0.096	+0.0%
1832	0.096	+0.0%
1833	0.096	+0.0%
1834	0.111	+15.6%
1835	0.119	+7.2%
1836	0.135	+13.4%
1837	0.138	+2.2%
1838	0.139	+0.7%
1839	0.139	+0.0%
1840	0.144	+3.6%
1841	0.134	-6.9%
1842	0.134	+0.0%
1843	0.133	-0.7%
1844	0.133	+0.0%
1845	0.133	+0.0%
1846	0.133	+0.0%
1847	0.133	+0.0%
1848	0.131	-1.5%
1849	0.131	+0.0%
1850	0.131	+0.0%
1851	0.131	+0.0%
1852	0.133	+1.5%
1853	0.133	+0.0%
1854	0.136	+2.3%
1855	0.138	+1.5%
1856	0.138	+0.0%
1857	0.134	-2.9%
1858	0.134	+0.0%
1859	0.135	+0.7%
1860	0.135	+0.0%
1861	0.135	+0.0%
1862	0.135	+0.0%
1863	0.135	+0.0%
1864	0.135	+0.0%
1865	0.135	+0.0%
1866	0.135	+0.0%
1867	0.134	-0.7%
1868	0.14	+4.5%
1869	0.182	+30.0%
1870	0.189	+3.8%
1871	0.189	+0.0%
1872	0.189	+0.0%
1873	0.189	+0.0%
1874	0.163	-13.8%
1875	0.154	-5.5%
1876	0.155	+0.6%
1877	0.155	+0.0%
1878	0.155	+0.0%
1879	0.149	-3.9%
1880	0.149	+0.0%
1881	0.15	+0.7%
1882	0.153	+2.0%
1883	0.153	+0.0%
1884	0.154	+0.7%
1885	0.154	+0.0%
1886	0.153	-0.6%
1887	0.153	+0.0%
1888	0.153	+0.0%
1889	0.153	+0.0%
1890	0.157	+2.6%
1891	0.164	+4.5%
1892	0.164	+0.0%
1893	0.165	+0.6%
1894	0.164	-0.6%
1895	0.164	+0.0%
1896	0.165	+0.6%
1897	0.165	+0.0%
1898	0.164	-0.6%
1899	0.164	+0.0%
1900	0.164	+0.0%
1901	0.164	+0.0%
1902	0.164	+0.0%
1903	0.164	+0.0%
1904	0.164	+0.0%
1905	0.164	+0.0%
1906	0.164	+0.0%
1907	0.164	+0.0%
1908	0.163	-0.6%
1909	0.163	+0.0%
1910	0.163	+0.0%
1911	0.163	+0.0%
1912	0.163	+0.0%
1913	0.163	+0.0%
1914	0.162	-0.6%
1915	0.162	+0.0%
1916	0.162	+0.0%
1917	0.162	+0.0%
1918	0.162	+0.0%
1919	0.162	+0.0%
1920	0.163	+0.6%
1921	0.163	+0.0%
1922	0.16	-1.8%
1923	0.115	-28.1%
1924	0.082	-28.7%
1925	0.082	+0.0%
1926	0.082	+0.0%
1927	0.082	+0.0%
1928	0.082	+0.0%
1929	0.082	+0.0%
1930	0.083	+1.2%
1931	0.131	+57.8%
1932	0.407	+210.7%
1933	0.406	-0.2%
1934	0.395	-2.7%
1935	0.395	+0.0%
1936	0.341	-13.7%
1937	0.235	-31.1%
1938	0.229	-2.6%
1939	0.11	-52.0%
1940	0.047	-57.3%
1941	0.048	+2.1%
1942	0.049	+2.1%
1943	0.056	+14.3%
1944	0.057	+1.8%
1945	0.057	+0.0%
1946	0.059	+3.5%
1947	0.059	+0.0%
1948	0.059	+0.0%
1949	0.059	+0.0%
1950	0.061	+3.4%
1951	0.061	+0.0%
1952	0.061	+0.0%
1953	0.061	+0.0%
1954	0.061	+0.0%
1955	0.061	+0.0%
1956	0.06	-1.6%
1957	0.06	+0.0%
1958	0.062	+3.3%
1959	0.062	+0.0%
1960	0.066	+6.5%
1961	0.066	+0.0%
1962	0.066	+0.0%
1963	0.066	+0.0%
1964	0.066	+0.0%
1965	0.066	+0.0%
1966	0.067	+1.5%
1967	0.068	+1.5%
1968	0.071	+4.4%
1969	0.071	+0.0%
1970	0.072	+1.4%
1971	0.072	+0.0%
1972	0.073	+1.4%
1973	0.073	+0.0%
1974	0.073	+0.0%
1975	0.095	+30.1%
1976	0.109	+14.7%
1977	0.276	+153.2%
1978	0.657	+138.0%
1979	0.78	+18.7%
1980	0.788	+1.0%
1981	0.788	+0.0%
1982	0.791	+0.4%
1983	0.804	+1.6%
1984	0.804	+0.0%
1985	0.804	+0.0%
1986	0.805	+0.1%
1987	0.81	+0.6%
1988	0.81	+0.0%
1989	0.81	+0.0%
1990	0.811	+0.1%
1991	0.811	+0.0%
1992	0.811	+0.0%
1993	0.818	+0.9%
1994	0.818	+0.0%
1995	0.818	+0.0%
1996	0.82	+0.2%
1997	0.82	+0.0%
1998	0.82	+0.0%
1999	0.82	+0.0%
2000	0.817	-0.4%
2001	0.817	+0.0%
2002	0.817	+0.0%
2003	0.796	-2.6%
2004	0.808	+1.5%
2005	0.811	+0.4%
2006	0.812	+0.1%
2007	0.808	-0.5%
2008	0.819	+1.4%
2009	0.821	+0.2%
2010	0.825	+0.5%
2011	0.821	-0.5%
2012	0.799	-2.7%
2013	0.778	-2.6%
2014	0.774	-0.5%
2015	0.759	-1.9%
2016	0.766	+0.9%
2017	0.757	-1.2%
2018	0.776	+2.5%
2019	0.804	+3.6%
2020	0.786	-2.2%
2021	0.775	-1.4%
2022	0.782	+0.9%
2023	0.759	-2.9%
2024	0.743	-2.1%
2025	0.741	-0.3%

Spain compared with similar countries

Spain's 0.741 is above the median for high income countries, which is 0.689, 1.1× the median. (55 countries reporting)
Spain's 0.741 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.591, 1.3× the median. (48 countries reporting)

Averages by decade

Decade	Average	Lowest	Highest	Years
1780s	0.07	0.07	0.07	1
1790s	0.07	0.07	0.07	10
1800s	0.0704	0.07	0.073	10
1810s	0.0948	0.076	0.111	10
1820s	0.109	0.096	0.132	10
1830s	0.1165	0.096	0.139	10
1840s	0.1339	0.131	0.144	10
1850s	0.1343	0.131	0.138	10
1860s	0.1401	0.134	0.182	10
1870s	0.1687	0.149	0.189	10
1880s	0.1525	0.149	0.154	10
1890s	0.1636	0.157	0.165	10
1900s	0.1638	0.163	0.164	10
1910s	0.1624	0.162	0.163	10
1920s	0.1093	0.082	0.163	10
1930s	0.2732	0.083	0.407	10
1940s	0.055	0.047	0.059	10
1950s	0.061	0.06	0.062	10
1960s	0.0673	0.066	0.071	10
1970s	0.228	0.072	0.78	10
1980s	0.8014	0.788	0.81	10
1990s	0.8167	0.811	0.82	10
2000s	0.8126	0.796	0.821	10
2010s	0.7859	0.757	0.825	10
2020s	0.7643	0.741	0.786	6

Countries ranked near Spain

18 Netherlands 0.774 compare
19 Austria 0.757 compare
20 Latvia 0.751 compare
22 South Korea 0.739 compare
23 Canada 0.736 compare
24 Japan 0.734 compare

See the full ranking of 176 places →

More social development data for Spain

Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 511,079 (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 186 (2025)
Political Rights Rating 1 (2025)
Electoral democracy 1 (2025)
Political rights rating fh, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
Political rights rating fh, gaps filled 1 (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 0 units per person (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 186 (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 0.0104 units per person (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)

All data for Spain →

Frequently asked questions

What is key features of liberal democracy in Spain?: Key features of liberal democracy in Spain was 0.741 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
What is the highest key features of liberal democracy recorded in Spain?: The highest recorded value was 0.825 in 2010.
What is the lowest key features of liberal democracy recorded in Spain?: The lowest recorded value was 0.047 in 1940.
How does Spain rank for key features of liberal democracy?: Spain ranks 21st out of 176 countries with data for 2025.
Is key features of liberal democracy rising or falling in Spain?: Over the last ten years it is down 2.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Spain data come from?: The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Key features of liberal democracy. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Key features of liberal democracy in Spain. Statizoid, drawing on V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. Retrieved 23 September 2026, from https://social-development.statizoid.com/stat/key-features-of-liberal-democracy/spain/

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About this data

Indicator: Key features of liberal democracy
Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage: 176 places, 28,671 data points, 1789–2025
Last refreshed: 18 September 2026

Central estimate of the extent of suffrage, the freedom and fairness of elections, freedoms of association and expression, individual and minority rights, equality before the law, and executive constraints.