What is varieties of democracy in Turkey?

Varieties of democracy in Turkey was 0.293 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.

What is the highest varieties of democracy recorded in Turkey?

The highest recorded value was 0.657 in 2004.

What is the lowest varieties of democracy recorded in Turkey?

The lowest recorded value was 0.008 in 1890.

How does Turkey rank for varieties of democracy?

Turkey ranks 117th out of 176 countries with data for 2025.

Is varieties of democracy rising or falling in Turkey?

Over the last ten years it is down 24.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.

Where does this Turkey data come from?

The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Varieties of democracy. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

Varieties of democracy in Turkey

Name: Varieties of democracy in Turkey
Creator: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
License: CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)

Turkey: Varieties of democracy was 0.293 in 2025. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2025)

0.293

Change on year

up 1.4%

World rank

117th

of 176 countries

All-time high

0.657

in 2004

All-time low

0.008

in 1890

Years of data

237

1789–2025

Varieties of democracy in Turkey, 1789–2025

Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.

Analysis

In 2025, varieties of democracy in Turkey stood at 0.293.

That represents a change of up 1.4% on the previous year and down 24.5% over ten years.

Over the whole period, varieties of democracy in Turkey peaked at 0.657 in 2004 and was at its lowest, 0.008, in 1890.

That places Turkey 117th out of 176 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the middle of the range.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Varieties of democracy in Turkey, year by year

Annual values for Varieties of democracy in Turkey, 1789 to 2025.
Year	Value	Change
1789	0.02	—
1790	0.02	+0.0%
1791	0.02	+0.0%
1792	0.02	+0.0%
1793	0.02	+0.0%
1794	0.02	+0.0%
1795	0.02	+0.0%
1796	0.02	+0.0%
1797	0.02	+0.0%
1798	0.02	+0.0%
1799	0.02	+0.0%
1800	0.02	+0.0%
1801	0.02	+0.0%
1802	0.02	+0.0%
1803	0.02	+0.0%
1804	0.02	+0.0%
1805	0.02	+0.0%
1806	0.02	+0.0%
1807	0.02	+0.0%
1808	0.02	+0.0%
1809	0.019	-5.0%
1810	0.019	+0.0%
1811	0.019	+0.0%
1812	0.019	+0.0%
1813	0.019	+0.0%
1814	0.019	+0.0%
1815	0.019	+0.0%
1816	0.019	+0.0%
1817	0.019	+0.0%
1818	0.019	+0.0%
1819	0.019	+0.0%
1820	0.019	+0.0%
1821	0.019	+0.0%
1822	0.019	+0.0%
1823	0.019	+0.0%
1824	0.019	+0.0%
1825	0.019	+0.0%
1826	0.019	+0.0%
1827	0.019	+0.0%
1828	0.019	+0.0%
1829	0.019	+0.0%
1830	0.019	+0.0%
1831	0.019	+0.0%
1832	0.019	+0.0%
1833	0.019	+0.0%
1834	0.019	+0.0%
1835	0.019	+0.0%
1836	0.019	+0.0%
1837	0.019	+0.0%
1838	0.019	+0.0%
1839	0.019	+0.0%
1840	0.018	-5.3%
1841	0.018	+0.0%
1842	0.018	+0.0%
1843	0.018	+0.0%
1844	0.018	+0.0%
1845	0.018	+0.0%
1846	0.018	+0.0%
1847	0.018	+0.0%
1848	0.018	+0.0%
1849	0.018	+0.0%
1850	0.018	+0.0%
1851	0.018	+0.0%
1852	0.018	+0.0%
1853	0.018	+0.0%
1854	0.018	+0.0%
1855	0.018	+0.0%
1856	0.018	+0.0%
1857	0.018	+0.0%
1858	0.018	+0.0%
1859	0.018	+0.0%
1860	0.03	+66.7%
1861	0.034	+13.3%
1862	0.034	+0.0%
1863	0.034	+0.0%
1864	0.034	+0.0%
1865	0.033	-2.9%
1866	0.033	+0.0%
1867	0.035	+6.1%
1868	0.035	+0.0%
1869	0.035	+0.0%
1870	0.035	+0.0%
1871	0.035	+0.0%
1872	0.035	+0.0%
1873	0.035	+0.0%
1874	0.035	+0.0%
1875	0.035	+0.0%
1876	0.1	+185.7%
1877	0.031	-69.0%
1878	0.012	-61.3%
1879	0.012	+0.0%
1880	0.012	+0.0%
1881	0.012	+0.0%
1882	0.012	+0.0%
1883	0.012	+0.0%
1884	0.012	+0.0%
1885	0.012	+0.0%
1886	0.012	+0.0%
1887	0.012	+0.0%
1888	0.012	+0.0%
1889	0.012	+0.0%
1890	0.008	-33.3%
1891	0.008	+0.0%
1892	0.008	+0.0%
1893	0.008	+0.0%
1894	0.008	+0.0%
1895	0.008	+0.0%
1896	0.008	+0.0%
1897	0.008	+0.0%
1898	0.008	+0.0%
1899	0.008	+0.0%
1900	0.009	+12.5%
1901	0.009	+0.0%
1902	0.009	+0.0%
1903	0.009	+0.0%
1904	0.009	+0.0%
1905	0.009	+0.0%
1906	0.009	+0.0%
1907	0.009	+0.0%
1908	0.062	+588.9%
1909	0.153	+146.8%
1910	0.141	-7.8%
1911	0.136	-3.5%
1912	0.113	-16.9%
1913	0.079	-30.1%
1914	0.074	-6.3%
1915	0.074	+0.0%
1916	0.071	-4.1%
1917	0.071	+0.0%
1918	0.074	+4.2%
1919	0.096	+29.7%
1920	0.097	+1.0%
1921	0.097	+0.0%
1922	0.102	+5.2%
1923	0.106	+3.9%
1924	0.118	+11.3%
1925	0.114	-3.4%
1926	0.108	-5.3%
1927	0.108	+0.0%
1928	0.108	+0.0%
1929	0.108	+0.0%
1930	0.11	+1.9%
1931	0.139	+26.4%
1932	0.139	+0.0%
1933	0.139	+0.0%
1934	0.139	+0.0%
1935	0.139	+0.0%
1936	0.139	+0.0%
1937	0.139	+0.0%
1938	0.139	+0.0%
1939	0.138	-0.7%
1940	0.141	+2.2%
1941	0.141	+0.0%
1942	0.141	+0.0%
1943	0.141	+0.0%
1944	0.141	+0.0%
1945	0.146	+3.5%
1946	0.208	+42.5%
1947	0.232	+11.5%
1948	0.234	+0.9%
1949	0.234	+0.0%
1950	0.335	+43.2%
1951	0.403	+20.3%
1952	0.4	-0.7%
1953	0.4	+0.0%
1954	0.39	-2.5%
1955	0.395	+1.3%
1956	0.354	-10.4%
1957	0.353	-0.3%
1958	0.346	-2.0%
1959	0.346	+0.0%
1960	0.221	-36.1%
1961	0.193	-12.7%
1962	0.289	+49.7%
1963	0.299	+3.5%
1964	0.314	+5.0%
1965	0.32	+1.9%
1966	0.517	+61.6%
1967	0.574	+11.0%
1968	0.574	+0.0%
1969	0.573	-0.2%
1970	0.541	-5.6%
1971	0.482	-10.9%
1972	0.499	+3.5%
1973	0.518	+3.8%
1974	0.568	+9.7%
1975	0.568	+0.0%
1976	0.568	+0.0%
1977	0.565	-0.5%
1978	0.562	-0.5%
1979	0.562	+0.0%
1980	0.335	-40.4%
1981	0.114	-66.0%
1982	0.114	+0.0%
1983	0.147	+28.9%
1984	0.401	+172.8%
1985	0.403	+0.5%
1986	0.414	+2.7%
1987	0.424	+2.4%
1988	0.487	+14.9%
1989	0.487	+0.0%
1990	0.517	+6.2%
1991	0.518	+0.2%
1992	0.533	+2.9%
1993	0.53	-0.6%
1994	0.536	+1.1%
1995	0.538	+0.4%
1996	0.547	+1.7%
1997	0.545	-0.4%
1998	0.544	-0.2%
1999	0.57	+4.8%
2000	0.586	+2.8%
2001	0.591	+0.9%
2002	0.636	+7.6%
2003	0.651	+2.4%
2004	0.657	+0.9%
2005	0.643	-2.1%
2006	0.643	+0.0%
2007	0.616	-4.2%
2008	0.554	-10.1%
2009	0.545	-1.6%
2010	0.525	-3.7%
2011	0.522	-0.6%
2012	0.508	-2.7%
2013	0.469	-7.7%
2014	0.426	-9.2%
2015	0.388	-8.9%
2016	0.308	-20.6%
2017	0.29	-5.8%
2018	0.295	+1.7%
2019	0.289	-2.0%
2020	0.292	+1.0%
2021	0.287	-1.7%
2022	0.285	-0.7%
2023	0.285	+0.0%
2024	0.289	+1.4%
2025	0.293	+1.4%

Turkey compared with similar countries

Turkey's 0.293 is below the median for upper middle income countries, which is 0.491, 60% of the median. (48 countries reporting)
Turkey's 0.293 is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.737, 40% of the median. (48 countries reporting)

Averages by decade

Decade	Average	Lowest	Highest	Years
1780s	0.02	0.02	0.02	1
1790s	0.02	0.02	0.02	10
1800s	0.0199	0.019	0.02	10
1810s	0.019	0.019	0.019	10
1820s	0.019	0.019	0.019	10
1830s	0.019	0.019	0.019	10
1840s	0.018	0.018	0.018	10
1850s	0.018	0.018	0.018	10
1860s	0.0337	0.03	0.035	10
1870s	0.0365	0.012	0.1	10
1880s	0.012	0.012	0.012	10
1890s	0.008	0.008	0.008	10
1900s	0.0287	0.009	0.153	10
1910s	0.0929	0.071	0.141	10
1920s	0.1066	0.097	0.118	10
1930s	0.136	0.11	0.139	10
1940s	0.1759	0.141	0.234	10
1950s	0.3722	0.335	0.403	10
1960s	0.3874	0.193	0.574	10
1970s	0.5433	0.482	0.568	10
1980s	0.3326	0.114	0.487	10
1990s	0.5378	0.517	0.57	10
2000s	0.6122	0.545	0.657	10
2010s	0.402	0.289	0.525	10
2020s	0.2885	0.285	0.293	6

Countries ranked near Turkey

114 Gabon 0.302 compare
114 Pakistan 0.302 compare
116 Serbia 0.3 compare
117 Central African Republic 0.293 compare
117 Comoros 0.293 compare
120 Jordan 0.282 compare

See the full ranking of 176 places →

More social development data for Turkey

Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 2.39 million (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 149,405 (2025)
Political Rights Rating 5 (2025)
Electoral democracy 0 (2025)
Political rights rating fh, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
Political rights rating fh, gaps filled 5 (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 0.0017 units per person (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 149,405 (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 0.0278 units per person (2025)
Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)

All data for Turkey →

Frequently asked questions

What is varieties of democracy in Turkey?: Varieties of democracy in Turkey was 0.293 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
What is the highest varieties of democracy recorded in Turkey?: The highest recorded value was 0.657 in 2004.
What is the lowest varieties of democracy recorded in Turkey?: The lowest recorded value was 0.008 in 1890.
How does Turkey rank for varieties of democracy?: Turkey ranks 117th out of 176 countries with data for 2025.
Is varieties of democracy rising or falling in Turkey?: Over the last ten years it is down 24.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Turkey data come from?: The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Varieties of democracy. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Varieties of democracy in Turkey. Statizoid, drawing on V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. Retrieved 22 September 2026, from https://social-development.statizoid.com/stat/varieties-democracy-vdem/turkiye/

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About this data

Indicator: Varieties of democracy
Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage: 176 places, 29,649 data points, 1789–2025
Last refreshed: 18 September 2026

Central estimate of the extent to which political leaders are elected under comprehensive suffrage in free and fair elections, and freedoms of association and expression are guaranteed.